Key Objectives
- Introduction of dyarchy (government by two independent authorities, especially in India 1919–35) in provinces
- Increased Indian participation in administration
- Gradual development of self-governing institutions
- Decentralization of power
- Progressive realization of responsible government
Compare and Contrast with Indian Councils Act (1909)
Columns: Feature, name (chronologically)
Rows: Official Name, Main Objective, Key Figures, Legislative Councils, Elections, Indian Representation, Seperate Electorates, Nature of Powers, dyarchy, Franchise(power to vote), Central Legislature, public service commission, review mechanism, impact on nationalism(reaction), legacy
Change: - more representation - reserved seats for different religious group - a council of six, three of whom were Indians, to advise the viceroy - introduction of Dyarchy system - Bicameral legislature1 established - Transferred subjects (Indian ministers) - Education - Public health - Local government
Continuity: - Reserved subjects (controlled by Governor) - Law and order - Finance - Land revenue
| Change | Continuity |
|---|---|
| More representation | Reserved subjects (controlled by Governor) |
| - Reserved seats for different religious groups | - Law and order |
| - A council of six, three of whom were Indians, to advise the viceroy | - Finance |
| Introduction of Dyarchy system | - Land revenue |
| Bicameral legislature2 established | |
| Transferred subjects (Indian ministers) | |
| - Education | |
| - Public health | |
| - Local government |
Reactions
Many British politicians - particularly those on the right-wing of politics. - seduce the Indian conservatives, reduce criticism - extend control in India - increase tax - reinforce “divide and rule” by recognizing seperate representation of different communities
Those in India and Britain who supported Home Rule
The ICS
The Indian National Congress - reject, as considered “inadequate”
Footnotes
A bicameral legislature is a legislative body divided into two separate chambers or houses, each with distinct roles and responsibilities. This structure is designed to provide checks and balances within the legislative process, ensuring that laws are thoroughly debated and scrutinized before being enacted.↩︎
A bicameral legislature is a legislative body divided into two separate chambers or houses, each with distinct roles and responsibilities. This structure is designed to provide checks and balances within the legislative process, ensuring that laws are thoroughly debated and scrutinized before being enacted.↩︎